Difference between revisions of "QEMU"

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Qemu is a free x86 Emulator/Virtual Machine for Linux and Windows.
+
[http://www.qemu.org/ QEMU] is a free x86 emulator for Linux and Windows.
  
−
If you are looking for something faster, you can try the [http://bellard.org/qemu/kqemu-doc.html Qemu Accelerator Module] or [[VMware]].
+
'''Note''': First of all, make sure you have read '''[[Installing ReactOS]]''' article.
 +
 
 +
== Installing ReactOS on QEMU ==
 +
 
 +
* Create a drive image, on which ReactOS will be installed, by typing:
 +
 
 +
qemu-img create -f qcow2 ReactOS.qcow2 1200M
 +
 
 +
<code>1200M</code> stands for 1200 megabytes - that shall be enough. It shall be greater, if you plan to install some application to try under ReactOS.
 +
 
 +
* In *nix only, type:
 +
 
 +
sudo umount /dev/shm
 +
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=144m none /dev/shm
 +
 
 +
* Type:
 +
 
 +
qemu-system-i386 -m 1G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ReactOS.qcow2 -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=ReactOS.iso -boot order=d -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log
 +
 
 +
* <code>-m 1G</code> stand for 1&nbsp;GB RAM
 +
* <code>-boot order=d</code> instructs QEMU to boot from the CD-ROM. Without <code>-boot order=d</code> it will boot from the hard drive image.
 +
* <code>ReactOS.iso</code> is the image of the '''installation''' CD, which can be downloaded from https://reactos.org/download/
 +
 
 +
'''Important''': Currently only 0.4.14-RC or higher builds support QEMU 4.2.0 and above, you can download them [https://reactos.org/getbuilds/ from here]. If you are using an older version of QEMU, you can grab the image from the above link.
 +
 
 +
When reinstalling ReactOS, perform steps 2 (if necessary) and 3 only.
 +
 
 +
If you want to copy some files to ReactOS, you could create an CD-ROM image and mount it on QEMU.
 +
You can run QEMU this way:
 +
 
 +
qemu-system-i386 -m 1G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ReactOS.qcow2 -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=Applications.iso -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log
 +
 
 +
=== Setting up Sound ===
 +
 
 +
==== Using AC97 emulation (QEMU 0.10.1 or later) ====
 +
 
 +
* Set emulation to AC97: <code>-device ac97</code>
 +
* On 0.4.15-dev builds that's it - it should just work, when using older versions of ReactOS install the drivers using Downloader (You need to reboot twice!)
 +
 
 +
===== Known Issues =====
 +
 
 +
* Audio sounds glitch when changing the audio stream with a high sample rate to a stream with low sample rate
 +
 
 +
==== Using ES1370MP emulation ====
 +
 
 +
* Set emulation to ES1370: <code>-device es1370</code>
 +
* Install drivers from here <s>[http://rapidshare.com/files/236843299/windows2.zip.html]</s> (if have this file please upload it somewhere else and edit this link, Rapidshare closed in 2015)
 +
* Create a file named import.reg with the following contents
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="reg">
 +
REGEDIT4
 +
 
 +
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96C-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Settings]
 +
"WaveVol_Left"=dword:00040000
 +
"WaveVol_Right"=dword:00040000
 +
"WaveLineSM"=dword:00000000
 +
"WaveWaveInSM_Left"=dword:01010101
 +
"WaveWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"CDVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"CDVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"CDLineSM"=dword:00000000
 +
"CDWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
 +
"CDWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"LineInVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"LineInVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"LineLineSM"=dword:01000001
 +
"LineWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
 +
"LineWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"MicBoost"=dword:00000001
 +
"MicVol"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"MicLineMute"=dword:00000001
 +
"MicWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
 +
"MicWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"AuxVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"AuxVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"AuxLineSM"=dword:00000000
 +
"AuxWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
 +
"AuxWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"PhoneVol"=dword:fffffff6
 +
"PhoneMute"=dword:00000000
 +
"PhoneWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
 +
"PhoneWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
 +
"LineOutVol_Left"=dword:fff9f203
 +
"LineOutVol_Right"=dword:fff9f203
 +
"LineOutMute"=dword:00000000
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
* Import those settings by starting cmd.exe and regedit import.reg
 +
* Reboot
 +
 
 +
If you don't hear any sound in '''QEMU 0.10.x''', you'll have to set QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=fmod (available: dsound; fmod; sdl; none ; wav (dump to file) – see QEMU documentation for information.
 +
 
 +
===== Known Issues =====
 +
 
 +
After starting first audio stream, you need to leave QEMU and re-enter (seems to be a QEMU bug)
 +
 
 +
=== Setting up network ===
 +
Networking should work by itself using both the <code>-net nic,model=e1000</code> and <code>-net user</code> switches with QEMU.
 +
 
 +
Network card models that should work out-of-box as of 0.4.15-dev builds are:
 +
* <code>e1000</code> - '''Intel 82540EM''' (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
 +
* <code>e1000-82545em</code> - '''Intel 82545EM''' (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
 +
* <code>e1000-82544gc</code> - '''Intel 82544GC''' (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
 +
* <code>ne2k_pci</code> - '''Realtek RTL8029''' (PCI, ne2000.sys driver)
 +
* <code>pcnet</code> - '''AMD PCnet Am79C970''' (PCI, pcnet.sys driver)
 +
* <code>rtl8139</code> - '''Realtek RTL8139''' (PCI, rtl8139.sys driver)
 +
* <code>tulip</code> - '''Intel 21143''' (PCI, dc21x4.sys driver)
 +
* <code>virtio-net</code> - '''Red Hat VirtIO''' (PCI, netkvm.sys driver)
 +
 
 +
== Using ReactOS [[LiveCD]] on QEMU ==
 +
 
 +
Note: Keep in mind that the LiveCD's default RAMDisk driver is Read-only, so programs that depend on being able to write (like RAPPS, wont work)
 +
 
 +
# Move to the previously created directory with the <code>cd</code> command.
 +
# There, type in the following command:
 +
 
 +
qemu-system-i386 -m 64M -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=<filename>.iso
  
 
== Grabbing debug messages ==
 
== Grabbing debug messages ==
  
−
By default, ReactOS debug messages are sent to the serial port (COM1).
+
By default, ReactOS debug messages are sent to the serial port (COM1) of the guest machine.
−
For grabbing that output, you need Qemu version 0.6.1 or later, in which you can specify the -serial option.
+
For grabbing that output, you need QEMU version 0.6.1 or later, in which you can specify the <code>-serial</code> option.
  
−
Valid arguments to -serial include filenames, pipes, COM Ports and [http://bellard.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC10 more].
+
Valid arguments to -serial include file names, pipes, COM Ports and [http://www.qemu.org/qemu-doc.html#SEC10 more].
 
Those arguments could be:
 
Those arguments could be:
−
<pre>
 
−
-serial file:"C:\roslog.txt"
 
−
-serial pipe:"\\pipe1\"
 
−
-serial COM4
 
−
</pre>
 
  
−
=== Using com0com with QEMU ===
+
-serial file:"C:\roslog.txt"
−
[http://com0com.sourceforge.net/ com0com] is a free utility to create virtual serial port pairs which can be used to capture the debug output of ReactOS and direct it to a terminal program.
+
-serial pipe:"\\pipe1\"
 +
-serial COM4
 +
-serial tcp:127.0.0.1:1234,server,nowait
  
−
Useful terminal programs include:
+
=== Redirect to a file ===
−
* Hyper Terminal
 
−
* Teraterm
 
−
* [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html Putty]
 
−
* [http://www.hw-group.com/products/hercules/index_en.html Hercules]
 
−
* [[ReactOSDbg]]
 
  
−
Get com0com and install it. Run the com0com command shell and type
+
If you're using the QEMU virtual machine and want to redirect the serial output to a file, add the following to your QEMU command line:
 +
-serial file:''FILENAME''
  
−
<pre>install PortName=COM4 PortName=COM5</pre>
+
Replace ''FILENAME'' with the name of a file, into which the debug output shall be written.
  
−
and it will create two virtual ports connected together.
+
=== Redirect to the console ===
−
If you prefer different ports, just change the port names (a simple help is avaible via "help" command).
 
  
−
Add the following option to your QEMU command line
+
The method above redirects the output to a file. If you want to redirect it to the console, there are two different methods. They depend on the operating system you run QEMU under.
  
−
<pre>-serial COM4</pre>
+
* Under Windows, add the following to your QEMU command line: <pre>-serial file:CON</pre>
 +
* Under a Unix-based operating system, add the following to your QEMU command line: <pre>-serial stdio</pre>
  
−
<b>WARNING:</b> you need to write "COM4" with capital letters and not "com4" otherwise QEMU won't use the serial port at all!
+
=== Serial port connection using com0com ===
  
−
Open you terminal program and start a new connection on port "COM5". If COM5 is not listed, try COM4.
+
Setup the com0com driver like explained in this [[com0com]] guide.
  
−
<b>FINAL NOTE:</b> the properties of the serial port, like the baud rate, are not important.
+
Add the following option to your QEMU command line
−
Instead, be sure to select "NO FLOW CONTROL" otherwise the terminal program won't receive characters.
 
−
 
 
−
Another option is to use the [http://svn.reactos.org/downloads/RosTE-0.1.exe ReactOS Test Environment] instead of setting this up manually.
 
  
−
== ReactOS preloaded with QEMU ==
+
-serial COM4
  
−
A preloaded QEMU image of ReactOS can be found [http://www.reactos.org/en/download.html here].
+
Write "COM4" with capital letters otherwise QEMU won't use the serial port at all!
−
<!-- file not found, url updated, previous url: http://www.reactos.org/xhtml/en/download.html -->
 
  
 +
Open your terminal program and start a new connection to your second virtual port. If that port is not listed, try COM4.
  
−
== Installing ReactOS on QEMU ==
+
Another option is to use the [http://svn.reactos.org/downloads/RosTE-0.1.exe ReactOS Test Environment] instead of setting this up manually.
−
1. Create a drive image, on which ReactOS will be installed, by typing:
 
  
−
<pre>qemu-img create ReactOS.img 100M</pre>
+
=== Serial port connection over network ===
  
−
''100M'' stands for 100 megabytes- that shall be enough.
+
With recent versions of QEMU you can map serial port to a listening TCP socket:
−
It shall be greater, if you plan to install some application to try under ReactOS.
+
-serial tcp:127.0.0.1:1234,server,nowait
  
−
2. In *nix only, type:
+
Use <code>0.0.0.0</code> as listening address to allow debugging from a remote machine.
  
−
<pre>sudo umount /dev/shm
+
* If you are using GCC build with [[Kdbg]], you can connect to it using PuTTY or plain Telnet. See also [[ReactOS Remote Debugger]].
−
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=144m none /dev/shm</pre>
+
* If you are using MSVC build, [[WinDBG]] can be connected to it like this:
 +
windbg.exe -k com:ipport=1234,port=127.0.0.1
  
−
3. Type:
+
Note that this method is different to [[Debugging#Network|KDNET]], as it utilizes standard COM port over TCP/IP.
  
−
<pre>qemu -L . -m 256 -cdrom ReactOS.iso -hda ReactOS.img -boot d -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log</pre>
+
== KQEMU ==
−
''-m 256'' stand for 256MB RAM
 
−
''-boot d'' instructs qemu to boot from the cdrom. Without ''-boot d'' it will boot from the HDD (Reactos.img).
 
  
−
''ReactOS.iso'' is the image of the '''installation''' cd, which can be downloaded from http://www.reactos.org/en/download.html
+
If you feel that QEMU is too slow for you, consider using the KQEMU module.
  
 +
Please bear in mind that it just works with QEMU up to 0.11 and isn't maintained anymore.
  
−
When reinstalling ReactOS, perform steps 2 (if necessary) and 3 only.
+
[https://reactos.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1065 Tutorial] by mikedep333
  
−
If you want to copy some files to ReactOS, you could create an CD-ROM image and mount it on qemu.
+
On modern Linux systems you can use [[libvirt]] with KVM acceleration.
−
You can run qemu this way:
 
−
<pre>qemu -L . -m 256 -cdrom Applications.iso -hda ReactOS.img -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log</pre>
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
* [[HOWTO/setup_a_network_connection#QEMU_on_Linux|Setup network under Linux]]
+
* [[Transfer files from the host OS to the virtual drive]]
−
* [[HOWTO/setup_win32_QEMU_with_the_KQEMU_accelerator_module|Setup Windows/ReactOS QEMU with the kqemu accelerator module]]
 
−
* [[Xen]]
 
−
 
 
−
== External sites ==
 
  
−
* [http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/ QEMU homepage]
+
{{Navigation Virtualization Software}}
  
−
[[Category:Virtualization software]]
+
[[Category: Tutorial]]
−
[[Category:Free software]]
 

Latest revision as of 23:52, 5 March 2024

QEMU is a free x86 emulator for Linux and Windows.

Note: First of all, make sure you have read Installing ReactOS article.

Installing ReactOS on QEMU

  • Create a drive image, on which ReactOS will be installed, by typing:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 ReactOS.qcow2 1200M

1200M stands for 1200 megabytes - that shall be enough. It shall be greater, if you plan to install some application to try under ReactOS.

  • In *nix only, type:
sudo umount /dev/shm
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=144m none /dev/shm
  • Type:
qemu-system-i386 -m 1G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ReactOS.qcow2 -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=ReactOS.iso -boot order=d -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log
  • -m 1G stand for 1 GB RAM
  • -boot order=d instructs QEMU to boot from the CD-ROM. Without -boot order=d it will boot from the hard drive image.
  • ReactOS.iso is the image of the installation CD, which can be downloaded from https://reactos.org/download/

Important: Currently only 0.4.14-RC or higher builds support QEMU 4.2.0 and above, you can download them from here. If you are using an older version of QEMU, you can grab the image from the above link.

When reinstalling ReactOS, perform steps 2 (if necessary) and 3 only.

If you want to copy some files to ReactOS, you could create an CD-ROM image and mount it on QEMU. You can run QEMU this way: 

qemu-system-i386 -m 1G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ReactOS.qcow2 -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=Applications.iso -localtime -serial file:ReactOS.log

Setting up Sound

Using AC97 emulation (QEMU 0.10.1 or later)

  • Set emulation to AC97: -device ac97
  • On 0.4.15-dev builds that's it - it should just work, when using older versions of ReactOS install the drivers using Downloader (You need to reboot twice!)
Known Issues
  • Audio sounds glitch when changing the audio stream with a high sample rate to a stream with low sample rate

Using ES1370MP emulation

  • Set emulation to ES1370: -device es1370
  • Install drivers from here [1] (if have this file please upload it somewhere else and edit this link, Rapidshare closed in 2015)
  • Create a file named import.reg with the following contents
REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E96C-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}\0000\Settings]
"WaveVol_Left"=dword:00040000
"WaveVol_Right"=dword:00040000
"WaveLineSM"=dword:00000000
"WaveWaveInSM_Left"=dword:01010101
"WaveWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"CDVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
"CDVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
"CDLineSM"=dword:00000000
"CDWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
"CDWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"LineInVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
"LineInVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
"LineLineSM"=dword:01000001
"LineWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
"LineWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"MicBoost"=dword:00000001
"MicVol"=dword:fffffff6
"MicLineMute"=dword:00000001
"MicWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
"MicWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"AuxVol_Left"=dword:fffffff6
"AuxVol_Right"=dword:fffffff6
"AuxLineSM"=dword:00000000
"AuxWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
"AuxWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"PhoneVol"=dword:fffffff6
"PhoneMute"=dword:00000000
"PhoneWaveInSM_Left"=dword:00000000
"PhoneWaveInSM_Right"=dword:00000000
"LineOutVol_Left"=dword:fff9f203
"LineOutVol_Right"=dword:fff9f203
"LineOutMute"=dword:00000000
  • Import those settings by starting cmd.exe and regedit import.reg
  • Reboot

If you don't hear any sound in QEMU 0.10.x, you'll have to set QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=fmod (available: dsound; fmod; sdl; none ; wav (dump to file) – see QEMU documentation for information.

Known Issues

After starting first audio stream, you need to leave QEMU and re-enter (seems to be a QEMU bug)

Setting up network

Networking should work by itself using both the -net nic,model=e1000 and -net user switches with QEMU.

Network card models that should work out-of-box as of 0.4.15-dev builds are:

  • e1000 - Intel 82540EM (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
  • e1000-82545em - Intel 82545EM (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
  • e1000-82544gc - Intel 82544GC (PCI, e1000.sys driver)
  • ne2k_pci - Realtek RTL8029 (PCI, ne2000.sys driver)
  • pcnet - AMD PCnet Am79C970 (PCI, pcnet.sys driver)
  • rtl8139 - Realtek RTL8139 (PCI, rtl8139.sys driver)
  • tulip - Intel 21143 (PCI, dc21x4.sys driver)
  • virtio-net - Red Hat VirtIO (PCI, netkvm.sys driver)

Using ReactOS LiveCD on QEMU

Note: Keep in mind that the LiveCD's default RAMDisk driver is Read-only, so programs that depend on being able to write (like RAPPS, wont work)

  1. Move to the previously created directory with the cd command.
  2. There, type in the following command:
qemu-system-i386 -m 64M -drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=<filename>.iso

Grabbing debug messages

By default, ReactOS debug messages are sent to the serial port (COM1) of the guest machine. For grabbing that output, you need QEMU version 0.6.1 or later, in which you can specify the -serial option.

Valid arguments to -serial include file names, pipes, COM Ports and more. Those arguments could be: 

-serial file:"C:\roslog.txt"
-serial pipe:"\\pipe1\"
-serial COM4
-serial tcp:127.0.0.1:1234,server,nowait

Redirect to a file

If you're using the QEMU virtual machine and want to redirect the serial output to a file, add the following to your QEMU command line: 

-serial file:FILENAME

Replace FILENAME with the name of a file, into which the debug output shall be written.

Redirect to the console

The method above redirects the output to a file. If you want to redirect it to the console, there are two different methods. They depend on the operating system you run QEMU under.

  • Under Windows, add the following to your QEMU command line: 
    -serial file:CON
  • Under a Unix-based operating system, add the following to your QEMU command line: 
    -serial stdio

Serial port connection using com0com

Setup the com0com driver like explained in this com0com guide.

Add the following option to your QEMU command line 

-serial COM4

Write "COM4" with capital letters otherwise QEMU won't use the serial port at all!

Open your terminal program and start a new connection to your second virtual port. If that port is not listed, try COM4.

Another option is to use the ReactOS Test Environment instead of setting this up manually.

Serial port connection over network

With recent versions of QEMU you can map serial port to a listening TCP socket: 

-serial tcp:127.0.0.1:1234,server,nowait

Use 0.0.0.0 as listening address to allow debugging from a remote machine.

  • If you are using GCC build with Kdbg, you can connect to it using PuTTY or plain Telnet. See also ReactOS Remote Debugger.
  • If you are using MSVC build, WinDBG can be connected to it like this:
windbg.exe -k com:ipport=1234,port=127.0.0.1

Note that this method is different to KDNET, as it utilizes standard COM port over TCP/IP.

KQEMU

If you feel that QEMU is too slow for you, consider using the KQEMU module.

Please bear in mind that it just works with QEMU up to 0.11 and isn't maintained anymore.

Tutorial by mikedep333

On modern Linux systems you can use libvirt with KVM acceleration.

See also

Virtualization software‎ to run ReactOS on
Windows Bochs | Hyper-V | PCem | QEMU | Virtual PC | VirtualBox | VMware
ReactOS Bochs | PCem | QEMU | Virtual PC
Linux Bochs | Libvirt | PCem | QEMU | VirtualBox
Retrieved from "https://reactos.org/wiki/index.php?title=QEMU&oldid=55493"